Historical ethics of manager on a personnel

General basis of professional ethics understanding of labour serves as as to the moral value in opposition the old testament picture of labour as punishment, curse. Values are pictures of due, «conception of desired» (on T. of Parsonsu). Preeminently this area of consciousness of man is more difficult than all added external regulation and depends on the personal preferences of individual. A man is forced to work regardless of whether he counts labour a value, although can avoid a similar fate, as Sokrat which, as is generally known, honoured leisure major property of man.

In society labour of slaves was used in which, connection of virtue and industriousness did not appear obvious, and ancient thinkers supposed basis of moral education of engaged in philosophy. A few ten of different types of employments is mentioned in the dialogs of Plato (427—347 B.C.), but for all worker, farmers and artisans, as virtue of moderation prevails in them: love to the order, discipline, ability to submit higher classes. For guards volitional part of the soul prevails in which, main virtue is a courage, for rulers is wisdom, reasonable part of the soul prevails in them. Justice is harmony between three virtues. Will realize any citizen, carrying out the business by the best appearance by nature and by law.

In the ideal state citizens it is required to be engaged in that corresponds their nature and education — to work, defend City or manage. Thus economic freedom is given Plato only to the representatives of estate of worker. They produce the products of consumption, independently sell these products, enter into point-of-sale relationships with foreigners, that is strictly forbidden both warriors and philosophers, but cognition and contemplation of idea of Blessing by a worker off-line, it is not their business, although Plato admits passing from the estate of farmers and artisans to the estate of philosophers, if for the representative of the «third» estates natural information will be revealed for this purpose.

Studies of Plato about the ideal state it is scarcely possible to consider the standard of professional ethics, because in him the representatives of separate professions, and even sages, ignore the transmitters of moral principles — all are enslaved service the eternal world of ideas. The first known codes of moral are made a not philosopher, but founder of scientific medicine by Hippocrates (460—370 B.C.). This code contains, from one side, concrete rules, direct-coupled with professional activity of doctor («Will not begin to operate suffering stone-kidney illness, but will give it the experienced practices»), and, de autre part, abstract principles, abandoning freedom of moral choice after him («Will use all forces for to the patients and will prevent injustice and harm»). A professional duty of doctor is his high moral debt before the patients, colleagues and students.

There is nothing surprising in that preeminently for a medical profession such document was created: at first, the article of labour here is a health and life of man, secondly, a doctor must possess a number of the special qualities — and moral, thirdly, there is a number of problems and contradictions in the most medical activity, not by other facilities, except for moral. As for documentary registration of principles of hodegetics as a code, then it is needed, at first, for the increase of degree of trust of patient to the doctor, and secondly, for educator aims. Medical torches from antiquity handed on from a father to the son, the same type of relations between a teacher and was inherent to school of Hippocrates.