Professional duty.

An individual moral in a professional sphere supposes the awareness of debt also.

Primary maintenance of this ethics category, historically folded within the framework of protestant ethics, though differs from that maintenance which it has in society ethics, however essentially deep it is related to him the requirement of renunciation. In opposition monastic asceticism principle of mundane аскезы, resolutely rejecting direct pleasure riches, becomes firmly established in протестантизме. The most successive embodiment this ethics got for the followers of Calvin in England — puritans, blaming as inexcusable employments idle talk, excesses, vain vanity, exceeding necessary time sleep, considering a severe sin unavailing waste of time. Not accepting the extremes of puritan asceticism, abutting upon a sanctimony, follows, nevertheless, to acknowledge that achievement of success in any profession is inevitably related to certain self-restraint, what professional realization of personality is impossible without.

Self-restraint is expressed in aspiration to produce in itself such qualities, as discipline, honesty, efficiency, persistence, restraint. In XVI в. of followers of practical ethics of calvinism named methodists for creation of strict method of all conduct, pursued two task: release from irrational instincts, from influence of nature and world of things, submission life the planned aspiration; permanent self-control and active self-possession.

Sense of professional activity

If «calling» and «professional duty» express attitude of man a category toward the business, then the problem of sense of professional activity is generated co-operation of people in society and in the simplified kind can be formulated as a question is who a man must work «For?» Variants of answer: 1) for the good of future generations; 2) for the sake of itself and it material prosperity; 3) for other members of society. Adam Smit presented co-operation of the personal and public interests, managed market mechanisms, so:

We read not on the favour of butcher, baker or farmer, wishing to get dinner, and on their own personal interest; we appeal not to their love for a neighbour, but to their egoism, talk not about our necessities, but always only about their benefit.

By other words, objectively every claimed activity in bourgeois society in any case takes into account somebody's interests, however much pointing on the addressee of activity in itself can not give it moral sense. Only awareness of common to all mankind, value of the put aims, as abstractly, idealistically or it did not sound unattainable, does professional activity morally intelligent.

The mine-out protestant professional ethics of position touch any professional activity. By the end of XIX в. different professional associations begin to make the own codes of ethics, specifying abstract principles as it applies to one or another profession — journalist, lawyer, teacher, diplomat. In many states of the USA and in Canada, for example, at the beginning of XX в. the ethics codes of engineers which operated to 70th г.г were accepted. XX в., were after revised and complemented and continue to operate. In them in detail both general and private aspects of moral debt of engineer are analysed in relation to people, to the employer, clients, other members of professional association, and also to itself.